Smart Contracts

EVM-compatible smart contracts with enhanced features on Viction

Overview

Viction provides full Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatibility, allowing developers to deploy and run smart contracts written in Solidity and other EVM languages. All existing Ethereum tools, libraries, and contracts work seamlessly on Viction.

EVM Compatibility

Viction maintains compatibility with Ethereum’s execution environment:

• Solidity Support: All Solidity versions supported by Ethereum
• Vyper Support: Alternative smart contract language
• Bytecode Compatible: Deploy existing Ethereum contract bytecode
• Standard Opcodes: Full EVM instruction set
• Precompiled Contracts: Standard cryptographic operations

EVM Context

type Context struct {
    CanTransfer CanTransferFunc
    Transfer TransferFunc
    GetHash GetHashFunc
    
    // Message information
    Origin      common.Address
    GasPrice    *big.Int
    // ... additional context
}

Source: core/vm/evm.go:91

Enhanced Features

Viction extends standard EVM functionality:

1. TomoX Integration

Smart contracts can interact with the TomoX protocol:

if evm.ChainConfig().IsTomoXEnabled(evm.BlockNumber) {
    switch p.(type) {
    case *tomoxEpochPrice:
        p.(*tomoxEpochPrice).SetTradingState(evm.tradingStateDB)
    case *tomoxLastPrice:
        p.(*tomoxLastPrice).SetTradingState(evm.tradingStateDB)
    }
}

Source: core/vm/evm.go:57

2. TRC21 Token Support

Native protocol support for gasless token transactions:

• Zero-gas transactions for TRC21 tokens
• Fee abstraction at protocol level
• Issuer capacity management

3. Extended Precompiles

Additional precompiled contracts:

• TomoX Price Oracles: Access on-chain price data
• Randomization: Verifiable random numbers
• Block Signer: Consensus participant info

Solidity Versions

Viction supports all Solidity versions:

Solidity 0.4.x

pragma solidity ^0.4.24;

contract TRC21 is ITRC21 {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    
    mapping (address => uint256) private _balances;
    uint256 private _minFee;
    address private _issuer;
    // ...
}

Source: contracts/tomox/contract/TRC21.sol:38

Solidity 0.5.x and 0.6.x

pragma solidity >=0.5.0 <0.7.0;

contract Inherited is Base1, Base2 {
    function foo() public override(Base1, Base2) {}
}

Source: contracts/tests/contract/Inherited.sol:13

Solidity 0.8.x

Full support for latest features:

• Built-in overflow checking
• Custom errors
• Enhanced type safety

Gas Mechanics

Gas Price

Viction uses a minimum gas price:

Minimum Gas Price: 250,000,000 wei (0.25 Gwei)

Transactions with lower gas prices are rejected.

Gas Costs

Standard EVM gas costs apply:

• SSTORE: 20,000 gas (first write), 5,000 gas (update)
• SLOAD: 200 gas
• Transfer: 21,000 gas
• Contract Creation: 32,000 gas + bytecode cost
• CALL: 700 gas + value transfer

TRC21 Gas Subsidy

TRC21 tokens enable gasless transactions:

• Users pay 0 gas price
• Validators pay gas from token issuer’s deposit
• Fee collected in tokens instead of VIC

Contract Deployment

Using Remix

1. Write contract in Remix IDE
2. Compile with desired Solidity version
3. Connect to Viction network (MetaMask)
4. Deploy with sufficient VIC for gas

Using Hardhat

module.exports = {
  solidity: "0.8.19",
  networks: {
    viction: {
      url: "https://rpc.viction.xyz",
      accounts: [PRIVATE_KEY],
      chainId: 88
    }
  }
};

Using Truffle

module.exports = {
  networks: {
    viction: {
      provider: () => new HDWalletProvider(
        mnemonic,
        "https://rpc.viction.xyz"
      ),
      network_id: 88,
      gas: 5000000,
      gasPrice: 250000000
    }
  }
};

Contract Examples

Basic Token (TRC21)

pragma solidity ^0.4.24;

import "./TRC21.sol";

contract MyToken is TRC21 {
    constructor(
        string memory name,
        string memory symbol,
        uint8 decimals,
        uint256 cap,
        uint256 minFee
    ) TRC21(name, symbol, decimals) public {
        _mint(msg.sender, cap);
        _changeIssuer(msg.sender);
        _changeMinFee(minFee);
    }
    
    function transferOwnership(address newIssuer) public {
        require(msg.sender == issuer());
        _changeIssuer(newIssuer);
    }
}

Multisig Wallet

pragma solidity ^0.4.24;

contract MultiSigWallet {
    mapping (uint => Transaction) public transactions;
    mapping (uint => mapping (address => bool)) public confirmations;
    mapping (address => bool) public isOwner;
    address[] public owners;
    uint public required;
    
    struct Transaction {
        address destination;
        uint value;
        bytes data;
        bool executed;
    }
    
    function submitTransaction(address destination, uint value, bytes data)
        public
        returns (uint transactionId)
    {
        transactionId = addTransaction(destination, value, data);
        confirmTransaction(transactionId);
    }
    
    function confirmTransaction(uint transactionId) public {
        require(isOwner[msg.sender]);
        confirmations[transactionId][msg.sender] = true;
        executeTransaction(transactionId);
    }
}

Source: contracts/multisigwallet/contract/MultiSigWallet.sol

TomoX Relayer Registration

pragma solidity ^0.4.24;

contract RelayerRegistration {
    struct Relayer {
        uint256 _deposit;
        uint16 _tradeFee;
        address[] _fromTokens;
        address[] _toTokens;
        uint _index;
        address _owner;
    }
    
    mapping(address => Relayer) public RELAYER_LIST;
    
    function register(
        address coinbase,
        uint16 tradeFee,
        address[] memory fromTokens,
        address[] memory toTokens
    ) public payable {
        require(msg.value >= MinimumDeposit);
        require(tradeFee >= 0 && tradeFee < 1000);
        
        RELAYER_LIST[coinbase] = Relayer({
            _deposit: msg.value,
            _tradeFee: tradeFee,
            _fromTokens: fromTokens,
            _toTokens: toTokens,
            _index: RelayerCount,
            _owner: msg.sender
        });
        
        RelayerCount++;
    }
}

Source: contracts/tomox/contract/Registration.sol:115

Contract Verification

VicScan Verification

Verify contracts on VicScan explorer:

1. Navigate to deployed contract address
2. Click “Verify & Publish”
3. Select compiler version and optimization
4. Paste contract source code
5. Submit for verification

Benefits of Verification

• Users can read contract code
• Direct contract interaction via explorer
• Increased trust and transparency
• ABI automatically generated

Contract Interaction

Web3.js

const Web3 = require('web3');
const web3 = new Web3('https://rpc.viction.xyz');

const contract = new web3.eth.Contract(ABI, contractAddress);

// Read function
const balance = await contract.methods.balanceOf(address).call();

// Write function
await contract.methods.transfer(recipient, amount).send({
    from: senderAddress,
    gas: 100000,
    gasPrice: '250000000'
});

Ethers.js

const { ethers } = require('ethers');

const provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider(
    'https://rpc.viction.xyz'
);
const signer = provider.getSigner();
const contract = new ethers.Contract(contractAddress, ABI, signer);

// Read
const balance = await contract.balanceOf(address);

// Write
const tx = await contract.transfer(recipient, amount);
await tx.wait();

Smart Contract Calls

Contracts can call other contracts:

interface IERC20 {
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
}

contract MyContract {
    function sendTokens(address token, address to, uint256 amount) public {
        IERC20(token).transfer(to, amount);
    }
}

Security Considerations

Reentrancy

Protect against reentrancy attacks:

bool private locked;

modifier noReentrant() {
    require(!locked, "Reentrant call");
    locked = true;
    _;
    locked = false;
}

function withdraw() public noReentrant {
    uint256 amount = balances[msg.sender];
    balances[msg.sender] = 0;
    msg.sender.transfer(amount);
}

Integer Overflow

Use SafeMath (or Solidity 0.8+):

import "./SafeMath.sol";

contract Safe {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure returns (uint256) {
        return a.add(b);  // Reverts on overflow
    }
}

Source: contracts/tomox/contract/SafeMath.sol

Access Control

Implement proper access restrictions:

address public owner;

modifier onlyOwner() {
    require(msg.sender == owner, "Owner only");
    _;
}

function setOwner(address newOwner) public onlyOwner {
    owner = newOwner;
}

Gas Optimization

Storage vs Memory

// Expensive: reads from storage
function expensive() public view returns (uint256) {
    return _balances[msg.sender];
}

// Cheaper: uses memory
function cheap() public view returns (uint256) {
    uint256 balance = _balances[msg.sender];
    return balance;
}

Packing Variables

// Inefficient: uses 3 storage slots
uint256 a;
uint128 b;
uint128 c;

// Efficient: uses 2 storage slots
uint256 a;
uint128 b;
uint128 c;  // packed with b

Batch Operations

// Inefficient: multiple transactions
for (uint i = 0; i < recipients.length; i++) {
    token.transfer(recipients[i], amounts[i]);
}

// Efficient: single transaction
function batchTransfer(
    address[] recipients,
    uint256[] amounts
) public {
    for (uint i = 0; i < recipients.length; i++) {
        _transfer(msg.sender, recipients[i], amounts[i]);
    }
}

Debugging

Events

Use events for debugging:

event Debug(string message, uint256 value);

function debugFunction() public {
    emit Debug("Starting", block.number);
    // ... function logic
    emit Debug("Complete", balance);
}

Revert Messages

Provide clear error messages:

require(balance >= amount, "Insufficient balance");
require(msg.sender == owner, "Only owner can call this");

Hardhat Console

import "hardhat/console.sol";

contract Debug {
    function test() public {
        console.log("Value:", someValue);
    }
}

Testing

Unit Tests (Hardhat)

const { expect } = require("chai");

describe("MyToken", function() {
    it("Should transfer tokens", async function() {
        const [owner, addr1] = await ethers.getSigners();
        const Token = await ethers.getContractFactory("MyToken");
        const token = await Token.deploy("Test", "TST", 18, 1000000, 100);
        
        await token.transfer(addr1.address, 1000);
        expect(await token.balanceOf(addr1.address)).to.equal(1000);
    });
});

Integration Tests

Test on Viction testnet before mainnet deployment.

Contract Upgrades

Proxy Pattern

contract Proxy {
    address public implementation;
    
    function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) public {
        require(msg.sender == admin);
        implementation = newImplementation;
    }
    
    fallback() external payable {
        address impl = implementation;
        assembly {
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), impl, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())
            switch result
            case 0 { revert(0, returndatasize()) }
            default { return(0, returndatasize()) }
        }
    }
}

Can I deploy any Ethereum contract on Viction?

Yes, Viction is fully EVM-compatible. Any contract that works on Ethereum will work on Viction without modifications. This includes:

• Uniswap V2/V3 contracts
• OpenZeppelin contracts
• Compound Finance contracts
• Custom contracts written in Solidity or Vyper

Simply point your deployment tools to Viction’s RPC endpoint and deploy as you would on Ethereum.

What are the gas costs compared to Ethereum?

Viction has significantly lower gas costs than Ethereum:

• Faster block times (2 seconds vs 12 seconds)
• Lower gas prices (0.25 Gwei minimum vs Ethereum’s market rate)
• Same gas per operation, but lower cost per gas

Typical transaction costs:

• Token transfer: ~$0.01
• Uniswap swap: ~$0.05
• NFT mint: ~$0.02

Compare this to Ethereum where similar operations can cost $5-50+ during peak times.

How do I access TomoX prices from my smart contract?

Viction provides precompiled contracts for TomoX price data:

interface ITomoXPrice {
    function getEpochPrice(address base, address quote) 
        external view returns (uint256);
    function getLastPrice(address base, address quote) 
        external view returns (uint256);
}

Use these addresses:

• Epoch Price: 0x00000... (check documentation)
• Last Price: 0x00000... (check documentation)

These provide on-chain price feeds for any token pair traded on TomoX.

Should I use Solidity 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, or 0.8?

Recommendation depends on your needs:

• Solidity 0.8.x: Best for new projects

  • Built-in overflow protection
  • Better error handling
  • Latest features
  • No SafeMath needed

• Solidity 0.4.x/0.5.x: Use for compatibility

  • Porting existing Ethereum contracts
  • Integrating with legacy code
  • Must use SafeMath library

All versions work perfectly on Viction. Choose based on your project requirements.

See Also

• TRC21 Tokens - Gasless token standard
• TomoX DEX - Decentralized exchange integration
• TomoX Lending - Lending protocol contracts